Ireland's 2025 budget was unveiled on 1st October 2024, allocating €10.5 billion to key sectors such as health, education, transport, and environmental sustainability. This article breaks down the key updates on taxes, one-off payments, cost of living supports, energy cost help, social welfare, health, housing, education, jobs, and more. Some of these changes will kick in right away or by the end of 2024, while others start from January 2025 or later in the year. A few still need to be finalised before they take effect, and some details might shift once the necessary laws are passed to make them official. Tax Credits:
- Personal, Employee, and Earned Income Tax Credits will each increase by €125, raising them to €2,000.
- Blind Tax Credit increases by €300 to €1,950.
- Dependent Relative Credit rises by €60 to €305.
- Home Carer Credit increases by €150 to €1,950.
- Incapacitated Child Credit increases by €300 to €3,800.
- Single Person Child Carer Credit increases by €150 to €1,900.
- Rent Tax Credit increases by €250, bringing it to €1,000 for 2024 and 2025.
Universal Social Charge (USC):
- The 4% rate is reduced to 3%.
- The income range for this rate will apply to earnings between €27,382 and €70,044.
Capital Acquisitions Tax (CAT):
- Group A threshold increases to €400,000.
- Group B threshold increases to €40,000.
- Group C threshold increases to €20,000.
Vacant Homes Tax:
- Increased to 7 times the Local Property Tax (LPT) rate, up from 5 times.
Small Benefit Exemption:
- Increases to €1,500 (from €1,000), with up to 5 non-cash benefits allowed per year (up from 2).
Carbon Tax:
- Petrol and diesel carbon tax will increase from €56 to €63.50 per tonne on 9 October 2024, with other fuels affected from 1 May 2025.
VAT:
- VAT on heat pumps reduced to 9%.
- 9% VAT on gas and electricity extended until 30 April 2025.
Excise Duty:
- Increase of €1 on a packet of 20 cigarettes from 2 October 2024.
- Excise duty on e-cigarettes starting mid-2025 at €0.50 per ml.
Additional Measures:
- CervicalCheck payments will be exempt from income tax, Capital Gains Tax, and Capital Acquisitions Tax.
Once-off Payments (November 2024):
- €200 to those receiving the Living Alone Increase.
- €300 for Fuel Allowance recipients.
- €400 for Working Family Payment recipients.
- €100 per qualifying child for people receiving an Increase for a Qualified Child (IQC).
- Two double Child Benefit payments in November and December.
- A double week payment for long-term social welfare recipients in October (in addition to the Christmas Bonus).
- €400 to those receiving Disability Allowance, Invalidity Pension, Blind Pension, or Carer's Support Grant (one payment only, even if eligible for multiple).
Social Welfare Weekly Payments (from January 2025):
- All weekly social welfare payments to increase by €12.
- Maternity, Paternity, Adoptive, and Parent’s Benefit will rise by €15.
- The Increase for a Qualified Child will be renamed Child Support Payment, increasing by €4 for children under 12 and €8 for children 12 and over.
Child Benefit & Family Support:
- A Newborn Baby Grant of €280 plus the first month's Child Benefit (€140) for children born from January 2025.
- Working Family Payment income limits will increase by €60 per week.
Carers:
- Carer’s Allowance income disregard will increase to €625 (single) and €1,250 (couple) in July 2025.
- Carer's Benefit will extend to self-employed people.
- Carer's Support Grant will increase by €150 to €2,000 in June 2025.
- Domiciliary Care Allowance will increase to €360 per month.
Additional Support:
- The State Pension (Non-Contributory), Disability Allowance, and Blind Pension means test limit will increase when selling a home to move into care.
- Employment programme payments will increase by €12 per week, and the Work Placement Experience Programme will rise by €24 per week.
- Free Travel Scheme Companion Pass will extend to all people aged over 70 in September 2025.
New Initiatives:
- Jobseeker’s Pay-Related Benefit Scheme starts on 31 March 2025, linking payments to previous income.
- Pension auto-enrolment retirement savings scheme begins on 30 September 2025.
Income Tax:
- The standard rate income tax band will increase by €2,000, raising the threshold to €44,000 for a single person.
Employment and Business:
The Department of Enterprise, Trade, and Employment will receive €1.03 billion in 2025. Key measures include: Minimum Wage:
- The national minimum wage will rise by 80 cents to €13.50 per hour from 1 January 2025.
Income Tax and USC:
- Income tax rates remain at 20% and 40%, but tax credits and income bands will change.
- The Personal, Employee, and Earned Income Tax Credits will increase by €125 to €2,000.
- The USC rate of 4% will reduce to 3%, with the income threshold raised to €27,382–€70,044.
Supports for Unemployed People:
- Weekly payments for Community Employment (CE) and Tús schemes will increase by €12 from January 2025.
- The Work Placement Experience Programme (WPEP) payment will rise by €24 weekly.
Small Benefit Exemption:
- The tax-free exemption for non-cash employee benefits will rise from €1,000 to €1,500, allowing up to 5 benefits per year (increased from 2).
Supports for Business:
- A new €4,000 Power Up Grant will be provided to hospitality and retail businesses for electricity costs before Christmas.
- The R&D Tax Credit first-year threshold will increase from €50,000 to €75,000.
- The Capital Gains Tax (CGT) Entrepreneur Relief for angel investors will apply to gains up to twice the investment, with the limit raised from €3 million to €10 million.
- VAT registration thresholds will rise to €85,000 for goods and €42,500 for services from January 2025.
- The Retirement Relief upper age limit will increase to 70, with CGT waived after 12 years if assets are retained.
Supports for Farmers:
- Farming tax reliefs such as General Farmer Stock Relief and Young Trained Farmer Stock Relief will continue until 31 December 2027.
Audio-Visual Sector:
- A new 20% Tax Credit for Unscripted Productions on qualifying expenditure up to €15 million, pending European Commission approval.
These measures aim to provide financial support to families, carers, pensioners, and individuals on social welfare while addressing cost-of-living concerns. Education and Training:
Key Initiatives: - Free Schoolbooks: Extended to all Transition Year and Senior Cycle students (September 2025).
- State Exam Fees: No fees for Junior and Senior Cycle exams in 2025.
- Special Education: Funding for 768 additional special education teachers and 1,600 extra special needs assistants (September 2025).
- Smartphone-Free Schools: Funding for a "Keeping Childhood Smartphone-Free" initiative in post-primary schools.
- Hot School Meals: Extended to all primary schools starting April 2025, with a pilot summer project in 2025.
Student Supports: - Student Contribution Fee: Reduced by €1,000 for the 2024/25 academic year.
- Apprenticeship Fee: Contribution reduced by 33%.
- Postgraduate Grant: Increased from €4,000 to €5,000.
- Student Grants: Increased by 15%, with higher income thresholds for the special maintenance grant and postgraduate schemes (September 2025).
Housing:
Key Measures: - Help-to-Buy Scheme: Extended to the end of 2029.
- Mortgage Interest Tax Credit: Extended for 2024, offering tax relief on increased mortgage interest, capped at €1,250.
- Rent Tax Credit: Increased by €250, bringing it to €1,000 for individuals and €2,000 for couples (2024 and 2025).
- Stamp Duty: Increased to 15% for bulk buyers of 10+ residential properties and a new 6% rate for homes over €1.5 million.
- Vacant Homes Tax: Increased to 7 times the Local Property Tax base rate.
Social and Affordable Housing: - 10,000 new social homes, 7,400 social housing leases, and 6,400 affordable/cost rental homes (2025).
- Housing Assistance Payment (HAP): 8,400 new tenancies in 2025, with support for 50,000 existing tenancies.
- Homeless Services: €303 million to support emergency accommodation and homelessness solutions, including Housing First.
Housing Regeneration: - Grants for adapting homes of older people and those with disabilities.
- Retrofit Program: Retrofitting 2,500 social homes to a BER of B2.
- Remediation: Addressing homes with structural defects and re-letting 2,300 void social housing units.
Energy and Environment:
Electricity Bill Support: - All domestic electricity customers will receive €250 off their bills in two instalments, with the first before the end of 2024 and the second in early 2025.
VAT Extension: - The reduced 9% VAT rate on gas and electricity is extended until 30 April 2025.
Health:
Key Measures: - 335 new hospital beds, 160 community beds, 2 new surgical hubs.
- Increase in GP and nurse training places and 49 new consultant posts.
- Free Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for menopause symptoms.
- Expanded mental health services, including youth mental health, suicide prevention, and Traveller mental health initiatives.
- Expanded free IVF access under HSE Assisted Human Reproduction services.
Services for Older People: - 600,000 additional home support hours and increased nursing home places.
Disability Support: - 70 additional residential places and new Autism Innovation Fund for local community groups.
Transport:
Key Projects: - Increased public transport capacity, new bus services, and extended cycling/walking infrastructure.
- Major rail projects (DART+, Cork Commuter Rail) and road safety initiatives.
- The continuation of public transport fare reductions, free transport for children aged 5-8, and a 50% discount for young adults (19-25).
Vehicle Incentives:
- Lower VRT for electric commercial vehicles and support for Low Emission Vehicles.
- Benefit-in-Kind (BIK) relief for electric company vehicles extended to €45,000.
Other Announcements:
Justice: - €3.9 billion allocation, including recruitment of 1,000 trainee Gardaí, expanded criminal legal aid, and new agencies like the Office of the Police Ombudsman.
Climate and International Aid: - Irish Aid increased to €810 million, with €35 million allocated to international climate finance, contributing to Ireland's 2025 climate finance target of €225 million.